Kj;jiua kd;dh; Rtud; khwd; jdJ Nghh; ntw;wpfis ntd;w Ch;fis jd;idg; ghba Gyth; ngah;fisf; fy;ntl;bNy nghwpf;fr; nra;Js;shd;. mtdpd; gl;lg;ngah;fisf; fhz;Nghk;.

1. =rj;U ky;yd; (giftiu mlf;fpatd;)

2. =fs;th; Nfs;td; 3.=mjprhfrd; (jPuKilatd;)         

3. = mjprhfrd; (jPuKilatd;)

4. = khwd;  (Ntl;ifAilatd;;)

5. mgpkhd jPud; (fh;tq;nfhz;Nlhhpd; vjphp)

6. rh;U Nfrhp (vjphpfSf;F rpq;fk; Nghd;wtd;)

7. jkuyhad; ( mikjpahdtd;)

8. nrUkhwd; (vjphpfis Nghhpy; mopg;gtd;)

9. Nty;khwd;

10. rhj;jd; khwd; 

11. jQ;irf; Nfhd;

12. ty;yf; nfhd;

13. thd; khwd;.

  

   GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lj;jpy; fps;Sf;Nfhl;il vd;w Chpy; fl;lhhp> Nty;> thSld; Ntq;ifia Fj;jpf;nfhs;tij rpj;jhpf;Fk; eLfy; cs;sJ. fy;ntl;by; =rj;UNfrhp> mgpkhdjPud;> = fs;th; fs;td; ths;thp Ntq;ifia Fj;jaJ vdf; Fwp;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.                                

maa mannan

khkd;dd; Kj;jiuad;

ngUk;gpLF Kj;jiuah; vd;w ngahpy; ,uz;L Gfo;kpf;f jkpo; Kj;jiuah; kd;dh;fshf ,Ue;Js;sh;. Kj;jiuah; kd;dh; thpirapy; fhyk; fzpf;fg;gl;ljpYk; ngUk;gpLF Kj;jiuaNd Kjy;tuhf (fp.gp.600-630) vd tuyhw;wwpQh;fs; KbT nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

,tdJ toptejtDk;; , ,sq;Nfhtjp miuadpd; kfDkhfpa ngUk;gpLF vd;gtd; Rtud; khwd; vd;w ngaiuAk; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,tdJfhyk; fp.gp 660-690 vd KbT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;ngUk;gpLF Kj;jiuad; vDk; Rtud; khwd; jdJ guhf;fpukr; nraypy; khkd;ddhf tho;e;jtd;. tuyhw;wpy; ,tdJ ,sikapd; tPu jPur; nray;fshy; nghpJk; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whd;. jQ;irapd; re;jpuNyif vdg;gLk; nre;jiyiaj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Ml;rpiaj; Jtq;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd;. gpLF vd;gjw;F ,b vd;W nghUs; nfhs;sg;gl;L ,b Nghd;w guhf;fpukk; nfhz;ljhYk; gy;yth;fSld; neUq;fpa cwT nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ngUk;gpLF vd;w gl;lKk; Gide;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

     ngUk;gpLF vd;w Rtud; khw Kj;jiuad; 2k; ee;jp th;kg; gy;ytdpd; gilj;jiytdhf ,Ue;jhd; vd;Wk; tuyhw;wwpQh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. jsgjpahf (ngUk;gpLFit) mr;Rj fsg;gpu kd;dd; jdpj;j Kiwapy; ez;gdhfTk; Nghh; thPudhf te;J rpW gilj; jsgjpahf kJiu NghUf;Fg; gpwF kz;ly jsgjpahf cah;e;jij tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wdh;.

      tPuj;jpd; tpisepykhfj; Njhd;wpa ngUk;gpLF Kj;jiuad; ngaiuf; Nfl;lhy; fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdk; kl;Lkpd;wp Vida Kk;kz;lyKNk fpLfpLf;Fk; vd;Wk; mOj gps;is tha; %Lk; vd;W thzpf;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; rpy ngz; kzpfs; ‘Njspd; tise;j nfhLf;if ek;gpdhYk; ek;gyhk; ‘ Mdhy; gpLFtpd;  nfhLf;F kPiria ek;gf;$lhJ’ vd;W tpae;J ,sik cUtk; Cfpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.

,td; FWepy kd;ddhfj; Njhd;wpa fhyj;Nj Nrhoiu ntd;W mlf;fp Ml;rp elj;jpatd;  gy;yth;fisAk; ghz;bah;fisAk; jiy J}f;fhJ jLj;J Mz;ltd;. ,tdJ .,Uk;Gf; Nfhl;ilia cilf;f Kbahj gy;yth;fs; njw;F Nehf;fp jiy itf;fhky; Nkw;F Nehf;fp nfhq;F ehl;bd; kPJ fz; itj;Js;sijAk; ngUk;gpLFthy; ,Lg;G xbf;fg;gl;lijAk; tuyhWfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd.

ngUk;gpLF vDk; Rtud; khwd; xg;ghWk; kpf;fhWk; ,y;yhj khkd;ddhf Gfo; ngw;Ws;shd;. ,k;khkd;dd; jdJ nfhbapy; NtYk; faYk; Nrh; Nty; nfhbNahd; vd Gfo;e;J ghlg;gl;Ls;shd;.

,tdpd; tPug; Nghh;fs; fy;ntl;Lfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gy FWepy kd;dh;fNshLk; Nruh; ghz;bah;fNshLk; vjph;j;Jg; Nghhpl;L ntd;Ws;s ,lq;fisf; fhz;Nghk;. nfhLk;gh@h; mz;zy; thapy; nrk;nghd;khhp kzYhh; jpq;f@h; mOe;jpA+h; fhiu kuq;$h; ntz;Nfhil Gfop rkaGuk; fz;Z}h; Mfpait mopahJ fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wd.

,k;kd;dd; ntw;wpr; nrUf;NfhL tPug;ghf thohJ mopahj fiyr; nry;tq;fis ehl;bw;f;Fj; je;Js;shd;. jdJ tUq;fhyr; re;jjpapdh;f;F topfhl;bahf epakj;jpNy gplhhp NfhtpiyAk; rptd; NfhtpiyAk; fl;bAs;shd;.

,td; jha;j;jkpiog; Nghw;wp tsh;j;jtd;. Gyth;fis vy;yhk; Mjhpj;jtd;. ,tdpd; jkpo;g;gw;Wf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfg jdJ ntw;wpr; nra;jpfis jkpo; Gyth;fshy; ntz;ghf;fshfg; ghlr; nra;J fy;ypNy nghwpf;fr; nra;Js;shd;. ,tdpd; Gfio mf;fhyj;Nj tho;e;j jkpo;g; ngUk; Gyth;fshd gha;r;rps;Nts; ek;gp Nfhl;lhw;W ,sk; ngUkhdhh; fpohh; $w;wk; gtjha kq;fyj;J mkUz;zpiyahapd Fthtd; fhQ;rhd; Mrhhpahh; mepUj;jh; MfpNahh; ,tdJ kq;fhg; Gfiog; ghbAs;sdh;.

     mk&dwp vd;gJ Kj;jiuahpd; gl;lkhFk;. ,g;ngahpNyNa ngUk;Gytd; Kj;jiuah; ,dj;jpNyNa mJTk; top top te;j Fthtd; vDk; ngahpNy fhzzg;gLtjpypUe;J Gyik kpFe;j ,dk; vd;gjw;f;Fk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

       ,jdhy; jhd; ,k;khkd;dd; tuyhw;W E}Nyhh;fshy; ngUk; Nguurd; vd;Wk; rf;futh;j;jpahfj; jpfo;e;jtd; vd;Wk; khkd;dd; vd;Wk; gpw;fhyj;Nj Njhd;wpg; Gfo; ngw;w Kjyhk; eurpk;kth;kg; gy;ytDf;Fk; Kjyhk; ,uh[ uh[ NrhoDf;Fk; khwth;kd; Re;ju ghz;baDf;Fk; ,tid xg;gplyhk; vd;Wk; jkpo;g; Gyth;fis Mjhpj;J. jkJ ntw;wpfis vy;yhk; mopahJ fd;dpj; jkpopNy ntz;ghf;fshfg; nghwpf;fr; nra;j jpwj;jhy; jkpo; kd;dh;fs; midtiuAk; tpQ;rp thDah;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;whd;.